Pathophysiology is a comprehensive course designed to provide students with an understanding of the fundamental changes that occur in the human body during disease and injury. Students will differentiate abnormal from normal function at cellular, tissue, and organ system levels. They will examine how disruptions in homeostasis lead to pathological conditions and explore the underlying etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of a wide range of diseases. Through a combination of lectures, case studies, and interactive discussions, students will develop knowledge and critical thinking as a foundation for assessment and managing real-world scenarios.